有关整体补强知识点

国外客户经常说integrally reinforcement for opening. 此处整体补强的具体意思和形式和大家分享下：
首先查标准，万变不离其宗：

ASME VIII-1 2017 英文版 UG-37 REINFORCEMENT REQUIRED FOR OPENINGS IN SHELLS AND FORMED HEADS

关于字母F的含义：p114.

F = correction factor that compensates for the variation in internal pressure stresses on different planes with respect to the axis of a vessel.

A value of 1.00 shall be used for all configurations except that Figure UG-37 may be used for integrally reinforced openings in cylindrical shells and cones. [See

其次，查阅以上提到的UW-16(c)(1)207.

(1) Integral reinforcement is that reinforcement provided in the form of extended or thickened necks, thickened shell plates, forging type inserts, or weld buildup

which is an integral part of the shell or nozzle wall and, where required, is attached by full penetration welds.See Figure UW-16.1 sketches (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f‐1),(f‐2), (f‐3), (f‐4), (g), (x‐1), (y‐1), and (z‐1) for examples of nozzles with integral reinforcement where the F factor in Figure UG-37 may be used.

最后，结合提到的图片UG-37 可看到各种整体补强形式。

可以这么理解，整体补强的接管不加补强圈。

PS:在GB150.3附录D中提到的“嵌入式接管”，英文版的GB150中翻译成了“Built-in connection pipe”。在遇到的一些国外项目产品规范中，常翻译成J Type，Q Type或者forged saddle type nozzle。